Assessing the Status of American Ginseng from Harvest and Monitoring Data

Schmidt, JP and Jenny Cruse-Sanders. University of Georgia, GA.

(Presented at The Future of Ginseng and Forest Botanicals Symposium, July 12-14, 2017, Morgantown, WV)

Abstract

We summarize trends on the status of wild populations of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) by drawing inferences from the combined visualization and statistical analysis of four separate sources of data on ginseng populations:  1) Yearly harvests submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service by states permitting the export of wild-harvested ginseng for the years 2000-2014.  2) Annual counts of ginseng populations on plots in Arkansas and North Carolina, 2000-2015.  3)  Roots per lb. for Georgia dating from the 1984 – present.  4)  Locations of ginseng populations throughout the eastern state and federal agency data and herbarium records.   We find strong evidence that ginseng harvesting has increased since 2005, which represents a reversal of declines in harvesting from a high point from the mid-1980s to 1990, and that harvesting pressure has:  1) altered the age structure of populations such that mature reproductive plants are a smaller component with obvious implications for growth rates, and 2) led to population extirpations. We also found evidence that harvesting pressure may be leading to selection for reproduction at smaller sizes. Further research into social-ecological conditions seems key to understanding how ginseng populations respond and will persist in the face of heavy harvest pressure.